๐ฉบ 1. Basic Word Parts
Medical terms are often built from three main parts:
| Part | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|
| Prefix | Beginning of a word; shows location, time, or number | Hyper- | above or too much → Hypertension (high blood pressure) |
| Root (Word Root) | Main part; tells the body part involved | Cardi | heart → Cardiology (study of the heart) |
| Suffix | End of a word; shows condition, disease, or procedure | -itis | inflammation → Arthritis (inflammation of a joint) |
๐ง 2. Common Prefixes
| Prefix | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|
| a-, an- | without | Anemia | without enough red blood cells |
| brady- | slow | Bradycardia | slow heart rate |
| tachy- | fast | Tachypnea | fast breathing |
| hyper- | over, too much | Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypo- | under, too little | Hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| inter- | between | Intercostal | between the ribs |
| intra- | within | Intravenous | within a vein |
| peri- | around | Pericardium | membrane around the heart |
| sub- | below | Subcutaneous | under the skin |
๐ง 3. Common Roots
| Root | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|
| cardi/o | heart | Cardiology | study of the heart |
| neur/o | nerve | Neurology | study of the nervous system |
| gastr/o | stomach | Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| hepat/o | liver | Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| oste/o | bone | Osteoporosis | weak bones |
| arthr/o | joint | Arthritis | joint inflammation |
| derm/o | skin | Dermatology | study of the skin |
| hemat/o | blood | Hematology | study of blood |
| nephr/o | kidney | Nephrology | study of kidneys |
| pulmon/o | lungs | Pulmonology | study of lungs |
๐ 4. Common Suffixes
| Suffix | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|
| -itis | inflammation | Tonsillitis | inflammation of tonsils |
| -ectomy | surgical removal | Appendectomy | removal of appendix |
| -ology | study of | Biology | study of life |
| -oma | tumor | Carcinoma | cancerous tumor |
| -pathy | disease | Neuropathy | nerve disease |
| -scopy | visual exam | Endoscopy | looking inside body |
| -emia | blood condition | Anemia | low red blood cells |
| -algia | pain | Neuralgia | nerve pain |
| -osis | condition | Cirrhosis | liver disease condition |
๐ซ 5. Body System Examples
| System | Example Term | Meaning |
|---|
| Cardiovascular | Electrocardiogram (ECG) | recording of heart’s electrical activity |
| Respiratory | Bronchitis | inflammation of bronchial tubes |
| Digestive | Gastroenterology | study of stomach and intestines |
| Urinary | Nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| Musculoskeletal | Myalgia | muscle pain |
| Nervous | Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| Endocrine | Hyperthyroidism | overactive thyroid gland |
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