In males, LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
Sunday, October 12, 2025
Two hormone release by posterior Pituitary gland
For the female reproductive system, the posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones itself — it stores and releases hormones that are made by the hypothalamus.
The two hormones released by the posterior pituitary are:
๐ง Oxytocin
Produced by: Hypothalamus (stored and released by posterior pituitary)
Function in females:
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and childbirth.
Triggers milk ejection (let-down reflex) during breastfeeding.
Plays a role in emotional bonding between mother and baby.
๐ง Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (also called vasopressin)
Produced by: Hypothalamus (stored and released by posterior pituitary)
Function:
Controls water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys.
directly involved in reproduction but important for fluid regulation.
Male Reproductive anatomy
Corrected Explanation: Male Reproductive Anatomy
Prostate gland – The prostate gland produces a fluid that forms part of semen. This fluid contains enzymes and nutrients that help sperm move and survive longer. Its main function is to enhance sperm motility and viability, which supports successful fertilization.
Seminal vesicle – The seminal vesicles do not transport sperm. Instead, they produce a thick, fructose-rich fluid that nourishes the sperm and provides energy. The structure that actually transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the vas deferens, not the seminal vesicle.
Urethra – The urethra does not store sperm. It serves as a passageway for both urine and semen to leave the body, but these fluids do not travel at the same time. Sperm is stored in the epididymis, not in the urethra.
Vas deferens – The vas deferens carries sperm only, not urine. It is a muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation. Urine is transported through the urethra, not the vas deferens.
In summary, each structure in the male reproductive system has a distinct role:
Epididymis stores sperm.
Vas deferens transports sperm.
Seminal vesicles and prostate gland produce fluids that nourish and protect sperm.
Urethra carries semen and urine out of the body.
Which of the following parts of the male reproductive system is not correctly paired with its function?
The vas deferens
The vas deferens is the structure that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
Prostate gland/ secretion of fluid
Prostate gland/ secretion of fluid that contributes to sperm motility and viability
The prostate gland secretes a fluid that is a component of semen. This fluid contains enzymes and nutrients that enhance sperm motility and viability, aiding in successful reproduction.
prostate gland
Prostate gland/ secretion of fluid that contributes to sperm motility and viability
The prostate gland secretes a fluid that is a component of semen. This fluid contains enzymes and nutrients that enhance sperm motility and viability, aiding in successful reproduction.
Male gametes, or sperm, are haploid cells
The male gametes are called sperm and contain a half set of chromosomes.
Male gametes, or sperm, are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the normal number of chromosomes (23 in humans). This is essential for sexual reproduction, as fertilization combines the sperm’s 23 chromosomes with the 23 chromosomes from the female gamete (ova) to form a zygote with a full set of
follicle remains as a corpus luteum
The follicle remains as a corpus luteum which continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone. The corpus luteum then degenerates into a corpus albicans and the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop causes menstruation.
corpus luteum
The follicle remains as a corpus luteum which continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone. The corpus luteum then degenerates into a corpus albicans and the levels of estrogen and progesterone drop causes menstruation.
About midway through the cycle, a surge of luteinizing hormone causes ovulation whereby the follicle releases the oocyte from the ovary.
About midway through the cycle, a surge of luteinizing hormone causes ovulation whereby the follicle releases the oocyte from the ovary.
menstrual cycle
The female menstrual cycle begins at puberty and continues until menopause. During a cycle a follicle begins to mature under the control of follicle stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
As the follicle matures, it secretes estrogen and progesterone.
Both work to enlarge the endometrium and supply it with blood vessels to make it ready for potential implantation of a fertilized oocyte.
A mature follicle is called Graafian Follicle.
oocytes
The oocytes develop by way of a process called oogenesis.
During oogenesis a primary oocyte develops into a secondary oocyte.
The primary oocyte is diploid, so it contains all 46 chromosomes.
As it undergoes meiosis it becomes a haploid secondary oocyte, which only contains 23 chromosomes.
The other 23 chromosomes are eliminated as a polar body.
Here maturation ceases unless fertilization occurs which produces a zygote which again has 46 chromosomes—23 from the female and 23 from the male.
Ovaries
Ovaries: The primary female reproductive organs, or gonads, are the two ovaries.
The ovaries are the female gonads.
They are responsible for producing female gametes (ova or eggs) and secreting hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for reproduction and the menstrual cycle.
Ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles)
Ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles): Are rounded enclosures for the developing ova in the cortex near the surface of the ovary, providing for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte (ovum), it also forms the corpus luteum, which promotes and maintains implantation of the embryo.
Fallopian tubes
Fallopian tubes: The female structures that transport the ova from the ovary to the uterus each month. In the presence of sperm and fertilization, the uterine tubes transport the fertilized egg to the uterus for implantation.
The fallopian tube connects to the ovary by way of finger like projections called fimbrae. 
The fallopian tube connects to the uterus which is a muscular organ containing 3 layers which include the outer perimetrium, middle smooth muscle myometrium layer and inner endometrium which is the layer that is eliminated during menstruation.
The fallopian tube (also called the uterine tube or oviduct) is responsible for transporting female gametes (ova) from the ovary to the uterus. It is also the site where fertilization typically occurs.
Cervix
Cervix: The cervix connects the body of the uterus to the vagina. Part of the lining of the cervix contains glands that make and release mucus. For most of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy, the mucus is thick and stops sperm from entering the uterus.
Medical terminology Basic Word Parts
๐ฉบ 1. Basic Word Parts
Medical terms are often built from three main parts:
| Part | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prefix | Beginning of a word; shows location, time, or number | Hyper- | above or too much → Hypertension (high blood pressure) |
| Root (Word Root) | Main part; tells the body part involved | Cardi | heart → Cardiology (study of the heart) |
| Suffix | End of a word; shows condition, disease, or procedure | -itis | inflammation → Arthritis (inflammation of a joint) |
๐ง 2. Common Prefixes
| Prefix | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| a-, an- | without | Anemia | without enough red blood cells |
| brady- | slow | Bradycardia | slow heart rate |
| tachy- | fast | Tachypnea | fast breathing |
| hyper- | over, too much | Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypo- | under, too little | Hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| inter- | between | Intercostal | between the ribs |
| intra- | within | Intravenous | within a vein |
| peri- | around | Pericardium | membrane around the heart |
| sub- | below | Subcutaneous | under the skin |
๐ง 3. Common Roots
| Root | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardi/o | heart | Cardiology | study of the heart |
| neur/o | nerve | Neurology | study of the nervous system |
| gastr/o | stomach | Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| hepat/o | liver | Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| oste/o | bone | Osteoporosis | weak bones |
| arthr/o | joint | Arthritis | joint inflammation |
| derm/o | skin | Dermatology | study of the skin |
| hemat/o | blood | Hematology | study of blood |
| nephr/o | kidney | Nephrology | study of kidneys |
| pulmon/o | lungs | Pulmonology | study of lungs |
๐ 4. Common Suffixes
| Suffix | Meaning | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| -itis | inflammation | Tonsillitis | inflammation of tonsils |
| -ectomy | surgical removal | Appendectomy | removal of appendix |
| -ology | study of | Biology | study of life |
| -oma | tumor | Carcinoma | cancerous tumor |
| -pathy | disease | Neuropathy | nerve disease |
| -scopy | visual exam | Endoscopy | looking inside body |
| -emia | blood condition | Anemia | low red blood cells |
| -algia | pain | Neuralgia | nerve pain |
| -osis | condition | Cirrhosis | liver disease condition |
๐ซ 5. Body System Examples
| System | Example Term | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | Electrocardiogram (ECG) | recording of heart’s electrical activity |
| Respiratory | Bronchitis | inflammation of bronchial tubes |
| Digestive | Gastroenterology | study of stomach and intestines |
| Urinary | Nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| Musculoskeletal | Myalgia | muscle pain |
| Nervous | Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| Endocrine | Hyperthyroidism | overactive thyroid gland |
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