Infectious diseases are caused by germs like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These diseases can spread from one person to another, or through air, water, food, or insect bites. Examples include the flu, COVID-19, and tuberculosis.

Non-infectious diseases are not caused by germs and do not spread from person to person. These are usually caused by genetics, lifestyle, environment, or aging. Examples include diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.

In short, infectious diseases are contagious and caused by outside organisms, while non-infectious diseases are not contagious and come from other factors inside the body or environment.

Sustenance

 

Sustenance – Definition (in simple English):

Sustenance means something that keeps a person, animal, or thing alive and healthy.

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✅ More Detailed Meaning:

• It usually refers to food and drink needed to survive.

• It can also mean support or strength that helps someone keep going.

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🧪 Examples:

• Food and water are basic forms of sustenance.

• Her family gave her emotional sustenance during hard times.

Sustenance ဆိုသည်မှာ အသက်ရှင်နိုင်ဖို့အတွက် လိုအပ်တဲ့အစားအစာ၊ ရေနဲ့ စွမ်းအင် ဆိုတဲ့ အဓိပ္ပါယ်ရှိပါတယ်။ တချို့အခါမှာ အသက်တည်မြဲနေခြင်း ဆိုတဲ့အဓိပ္ပါယ်နဲ့လည်း သုံးနိုင်ပါတယ်။

✅ Burmese Meaning:

Sustenance (အင်္ဂလိပ်)
➡️ အသက်မွေးမှုအတွက် လိုအပ်သော အစာအစာ၊ ရေ၊ စားသောက်စာများ
➡️ အသက်ရှင်နေတာကို ထောက်ပံ့ပေးတဲ့ အရာများ

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ဥပမာ:

• Food is a form of sustenance.
  🍚 အစားအစာက အသက်မွေးမှုအတွက် လိုအပ်တဲ့ အရာတစ်ခုပါ။

• They worked hard just for daily sustenance.
  သူတို့က နေ့စဉ်အသက်မွေးအတွက်ပဲ လုပ်အားကြီးလုပ်ခဲ့ကြတယ်။

vesicle

  

A vesicle is asmall bubble made of membrane that carries materials like proteins or waste inside the cell. It moves to the cell membrane and releases the contents during exocytosis.

3. What happens when a vesicle reaches the cell membrane in exocytosis?
Your answer: C. It fuses with the membrane and releases its contents
✔ Yes! That is the key step in exocytosis. The vesicle joins (fuses) with the cell membrane, and then the materials inside the vesicle are released outside the cell.

Exocytosis

 

Exocytosis – Simple Definition:

Exocytosis helps the cell push things like waste or proteins out of the cell using vesicles.

Exocytosis is a process where a cell pushes materials (like waste or proteins) out of the cell using a vesicle.

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🧠 How it works (in simple steps):

1. The cell packs the material inside a vesicle (a small bubble made of membrane).

2. The vesicle moves to the cell membrane.

3. The vesicle joins with the membrane.

4. The contents are released outside the cell.

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🧪 Examples:

• Nerve cells use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters.

• Pancreas cells release insulin by exocytosis.

• Cells remove waste this way too.

 

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