During meiosis, homologous pairs of chromosomes can exchange pieces of DNA after they synapse.
https://slidetodoc.com/ch-10-sexual-reproduction-genetics-10-1-meiosis/
1. Synapsis
In prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes
(one from mom and one from dad) line up tightly side by side.
This close pairing is called synapsis, and the structure formed is called a tetrad (4 chromatids together).
2. Crossing Over
At points called chiasmata, the non-sister chromatids exchange segments of DNA.
This swaps genes between maternal and paternal chromosomes.
3. Result
After crossing over, the chromosomes are genetically recombined.
This increases genetic diversity, which is why siblings look different even with the same parents.
https://slidetodoc.com/ch-10-sexual-reproduction-genetics-10-1-meiosis/
๐ In short: During meiosis, after homologous chromosomes synapse, they can exchange DNA through crossing over, creating new gene combinations.
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