chemistry

 proton 6

 neutron 7

 what is the  atomic number ? 

_______________________________________

To find the atomic number, you look at the number of protons.

• Protons = 6 → So, the atomic number is 6.

This element is Carbon (C) on the periodic table.

• Neutrons = 7 → This means it is an isotope of carbon, specifically Carbon-13 (6 protons + 7 neutrons = mass number 13).

✅ Final Answer:
Atomic number = 6
Element = Carbon (C)

Isotope = Carbon-13 

_____________________________________________________________________________________  3 isotopes =

classics example of carbon 6^C 

isotopes 

variation don't change 

various form of carbon isotopes 

carbon 13 and carbon 14 

each one of these carbon have 6 carbon atoms

atomic mass is one additional neutron in there 

how many neutron found in that element 

carbon atomic number 1s 14 

carbon proton 6 

carbon Neutron 14-6= 8 

_______________________________________________

ION is atom or a group of atom 

atom we have protons (positive charge )

surrounding we have electron  ( negative charge)

Na+ sodium ( 11 proton are blue ) and (11 electron are yellow )

cannot lose electron 

sodium lose one electron if lose 1 electron 

atom lose electron 

Na +  (cat ion) carries positive charge 

oxygen 8 proton 8 electron net charge is 0 

gain and lose electron 

proton 

10 electron at outside 

(2 extra electron compare to the proton ) ( two negative charges ) negative charged ion is called anion 

shell 1st shell n==1 (k-shell )

2nd  shell n=2 (L=L  shell  s,p)

n=3 M shell - s, p ,f 

n=4 

SPDF 

number of electron 

we can only have 2 electron on that sub shell 

how to characteristic on s shell (1st-S shell ) 

(2nd shell ) second energy level ( can have  8 electron at most) 1s2,2s2, 2p6

The subshell configuration for carbon (C) is based on its atomic number, which is 6. This means it has 6 electrons.

🧪 Carbon Electron Configuration (Subshells):

1s² 2s² 2p²

Breakdown:

• 1s² → 2 electrons in the 1s subshell

• 2s² → 2 electrons in the 2s subshell

• 2p² → 2 electrons in the 2p subshell

Summary:

• Carbon has electrons in the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells.

• Total electrons: 6

• Subshells: 1s² 2s² 2p² ✅

(3rd shell ) third energy level ( S, P ,D ) D shell maximum of 10 

 

chemical bond formed two or more atom interact primarily through the outermost shell or energy level 

they do not have 8 electron in their outer most shell 

octet rule - 

2 main type of bond ionic bond and covalent bond 

sodium has atomic number 11 

Proton 11

electron 11 

1 st shell 2 

2nd shell 8

positively charge 

creation of sodium ion 

chlorine 17 proton and 18 electrons 

chloride ion 17 

leading to the formation of sodium chloride 

covalent bond - 2 atom share one or more electron 

carbon - oxygen- hydrogen-nitrogen 

octect rule - 

carbondixoide - 8 proton and 8 electron 

2 more electrons to complete outermost shell 

innershell 

4 addition atom to maintain 

What is the correct electron configuration for Oxygen (atomic number 8)?
A. 1s² 2s² 2p³
B. 1s² 2s² 2p⁴
C. 1s² 2s¹ 2p⁵
D. 1s² 2s² 2p⁵